Top 10 Pandas Commands to Uplevel Your Data & AI LLM

hardwaresales.c...

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1 Fundamentals

df.read_csv()
df.read_json()
df.read_parquet()

Every AI workflow stars with data ingestion. Large scale datasets for LLM fine-tuning, embeddings, or ML experiments often come in CSV, JSON, or Parquet formats.

Pandas provides simple functions to load them efficiently and inspect data quickly.

df = pd.read_csv(file_path)

df.head(5)

df.info()

File 'hardwaresales.csv' (ID: 49917290-5813-457d-87bf-094b077002b4) already exists locally at '/livedocs/data/files/hardwaresales.csv'. Use option force_download=True to overwrite. <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'> RangeIndex: 154 entries, 0 to 153 Data columns (total 13 columns): # Column Non-Null Count Dtype --- ------ -------------- ----- 0 order_id 154 non-null object 1 date 154 non-null object 2 product_category 154 non-null object 3 product_name 154 non-null object 4 brand 154 non-null object 5 quantity 154 non-null int64 6 unit_price 154 non-null float64 7 total_amount 154 non-null float64 8 customer_id 154 non-null object 9 customer_city 154 non-null object 10 customer_state 154 non-null object 11 payment_method 154 non-null object 12 shipping_method 154 non-null object dtypes: float64(2), int64(1), object(10) memory usage: 15.8+ KB

👍 LiveDocs Tip:

Instead of just inspecting df.head(), push your DataFrame to a LiveDocs dashboard to visualize distributions, key metrics, or summary tables in real-time. This is especially useful when datasets are updated continuously.

2 Handling missing data

df.dropna()
df.fillna()

Missing values can break ML pipelines and skew LLM preprocessing.

These 2 commands handles missing data by either dropping rows or filling them with default values.

Cleaning data ensures your models learn from consistent, high quality inputs.

df_clean = df.dropna()

df_filled = df.fillna({"unit_price": 0, "score": 0.0})

🧩 LLM Use Case: Critical when embeddings or metadata columns have NaNs. Prevents downstream model failures.

3 Group by & aggregations

df.groupby

This command groups data by one or more columns and performs aggregations like mean, sum or count.

Aggregations are important, AI projects often require insights at different aggregation levels, for example average token length per user, model accuracy per prompt type etc.

result = df.groupby("product_category")["total_amount"].sum()

🧩 LLM Use Case: Group conversations by user, average embeddings by cluster, or compute metrics per dataset slice for bias/fairness checks.

product_category
Desktop PCs       22599.83
Graphics Cards    23149.78
Headphones         4069.78
Keyboards          2359.78
Laptops           21099.79
Mice               1439.74
Monitors          10789.77
Smartphones       15049.78
Storage            5249.71
Tablets            9929.74
Name: total_amount, dtype: float64

or applying aggregation with groupby

👍 LiveDocs Tip:

Push grouped data to a LiveDocs dashboard with interactive charts to monitor trends in real-time, making it easier for teams to spot anomalies or patterns.

4 Convert categorical variables into dummy/indicator variables

pd.get_dummies()

ML models require numeric inputs. One-hot encoding transforms categories like labels, roles or document types into a machine readable format.

Have a look at the example below:

df_encoded = pd.get_dummies(df, dtype=int)

In each unique category has been transformed into separate binary (True or False) column, which is now readable by ML models (remember ML models cannot interptret text like "blue", "yes", "people".

5 Apply a custom function to each row or column

This is useful to transform columns in ways build in functions don\'t support, for example lambda function.

Lambda function: Anonymous function that take any number of argument but evaluates and returns only one expression.

For example here I am going to split the name for product_name:

df[\'word_count\'] = df[\'product_name\'].apply(lambda x: len(str(x).split()))

and you will see the new word_count column in the end of the table, which counted the number of name in the product_name column

6 Convert to NumPy array or dictionaries

df.to_numpy()

This converts a Pandas DataFrame into a NumPy ndarray. The output is a multi-dimensional array where all elements are of a single common NumPy data type.

This is particularly useful for numerical computations and interoperability with libraries that primarily work with NumPy arrays.

numpy_df = df.to_numpy()

array([['HW001', '2024-01-03', 'Laptops', ..., 'NY', 'Credit Card',
        'Standard'],
       ['HW002', '2024-01-05', 'Smartphones', ..., 'CA', 'PayPal',
        'Express'],
       ['HW003', '2024-01-07', 'Tablets', ..., 'IL', 'Credit Card',
        'Standard'],
       ...,
       ['HW152', '2024-10-31', 'Smartphones', ..., 'CA', 'PayPal',
        'Standard'],
       ['HW153', '2024-11-02', 'Graphics Cards', ..., 'NC',
        'Credit Card', 'Express'],
       ['HW154', '2024-11-04', 'Tablets', ..., 'OR', 'Credit Card',
        'Standard']], shape=(154, 13), dtype=object)

df.to_dict(\'records\')

This is to convert a Pandas DataFrame into a list of dictionaries.

The output is a list where each element is a dictionary representing a row of the DataFrame.

[{'order_id': 'HW001',
  'date': '2024-01-03',
  'product_category': 'Laptops',
  'product_name': 'Gaming Laptop Pro X1',
  'brand': 'TechForce',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 1299.99,
  'total_amount': 1299.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST001',
  'customer_city': 'New York',
  'customer_state': 'NY',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW002',
  'date': '2024-01-05',
  'product_category': 'Smartphones',
  'product_name': 'UltraPhone 15 Pro',
  'brand': 'MobileMax',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 899.99,
  'total_amount': 1799.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST002',
  'customer_city': 'Los Angeles',
  'customer_state': 'CA',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW003',
  'date': '2024-01-07',
  'product_category': 'Tablets',
  'product_name': 'TabletMax 12 inch',
  'brand': 'TabCorp',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 449.99,
  'total_amount': 449.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST003',
  'customer_city': 'Chicago',
  'customer_state': 'IL',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW004',
  'date': '2024-01-08',
  'product_category': 'Desktop PCs',
  'product_name': 'Workstation Elite 3000',
  'brand': 'CompuBuild',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 2199.99,
  'total_amount': 2199.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST004',
  'customer_city': 'Houston',
  'customer_state': 'TX',
  'payment_method': 'Bank Transfer',
  'shipping_method': 'Freight'},
 {'order_id': 'HW005',
  'date': '2024-01-10',
  'product_category': 'Graphics Cards',
  'product_name': 'RTX Gaming Card 4080',
  'brand': 'GraphiTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 1199.99,
  'total_amount': 1199.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST005',
  'customer_city': 'Phoenix',
  'customer_state': 'AZ',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW006',
  'date': '2024-01-12',
  'product_category': 'Monitors',
  'product_name': '4K Ultra Monitor 32"',
  'brand': 'DisplayPro',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 599.99,
  'total_amount': 1199.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST006',
  'customer_city': 'Philadelphia',
  'customer_state': 'PA',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW007',
  'date': '2024-01-15',
  'product_category': 'Keyboards',
  'product_name': 'Mechanical RGB Keyboard',
  'brand': 'PeriphTech',
  'quantity': 3,
  'unit_price': 129.99,
  'total_amount': 389.97,
  'customer_id': 'CUST007',
  'customer_city': 'San Antonio',
  'customer_state': 'TX',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW008',
  'date': '2024-01-17',
  'product_category': 'Mice',
  'product_name': 'Wireless Gaming Mouse Pro',
  'brand': 'PeriphTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 79.99,
  'total_amount': 79.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST008',
  'customer_city': 'San Diego',
  'customer_state': 'CA',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW009',
  'date': '2024-01-19',
  'product_category': 'Headphones',
  'product_name': 'Noise Cancel Pro 1000',
  'brand': 'AudioMax',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 299.99,
  'total_amount': 299.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST009',
  'customer_city': 'Dallas',
  'customer_state': 'TX',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW010',
  'date': '2024-01-21',
  'product_category': 'Storage',
  'product_name': 'SSD Drive 2TB NVMe',
  'brand': 'StorageTech',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 199.99,
  'total_amount': 399.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST010',
  'customer_city': 'San Jose',
  'customer_state': 'CA',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW011',
  'date': '2024-01-23',
  'product_category': 'Laptops',
  'product_name': 'Business Laptop Ultra',
  'brand': 'TechForce',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 899.99,
  'total_amount': 899.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST011',
  'customer_city': 'Austin',
  'customer_state': 'TX',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW012',
  'date': '2024-01-25',
  'product_category': 'Smartphones',
  'product_name': 'Budget Phone Smart 5G',
  'brand': 'MobileMax',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 399.99,
  'total_amount': 399.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST012',
  'customer_city': 'Jacksonville',
  'customer_state': 'FL',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW013',
  'date': '2024-01-27',
  'product_category': 'Graphics Cards',
  'product_name': 'Budget Gaming Card GTX',
  'brand': 'GraphiTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 449.99,
  'total_amount': 449.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST013',
  'customer_city': 'Fort Worth',
  'customer_state': 'TX',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW014',
  'date': '2024-01-29',
  'product_category': 'Tablets',
  'product_name': 'Mini Tablet 8 inch',
  'brand': 'TabCorp',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 249.99,
  'total_amount': 499.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST014',
  'customer_city': 'Columbus',
  'customer_state': 'OH',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW015',
  'date': '2024-01-31',
  'product_category': 'Desktop PCs',
  'product_name': 'Gaming PC Elite 5000',
  'brand': 'CompuBuild',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 1899.99,
  'total_amount': 1899.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST015',
  'customer_city': 'Charlotte',
  'customer_state': 'NC',
  'payment_method': 'Bank Transfer',
  'shipping_method': 'Freight'},
 {'order_id': 'HW016',
  'date': '2024-02-02',
  'product_category': 'Monitors',
  'product_name': 'Gaming Monitor 27" 144Hz',
  'brand': 'DisplayPro',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 449.99,
  'total_amount': 449.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST016',
  'customer_city': 'San Francisco',
  'customer_state': 'CA',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW017',
  'date': '2024-02-04',
  'product_category': 'Keyboards',
  'product_name': 'Compact Wireless Keyboard',
  'brand': 'PeriphTech',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 59.99,
  'total_amount': 119.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST017',
  'customer_city': 'Indianapolis',
  'customer_state': 'IN',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW018',
  'date': '2024-02-06',
  'product_category': 'Mice',
  'product_name': 'Ergonomic Office Mouse',
  'brand': 'PeriphTech',
  'quantity': 4,
  'unit_price': 39.99,
  'total_amount': 159.96,
  'customer_id': 'CUST018',
  'customer_city': 'Seattle',
  'customer_state': 'WA',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW019',
  'date': '2024-02-08',
  'product_category': 'Headphones',
  'product_name': 'Studio Monitor Headphones',
  'brand': 'AudioMax',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 199.99,
  'total_amount': 199.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST019',
  'customer_city': 'Denver',
  'customer_state': 'CO',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW020',
  'date': '2024-02-10',
  'product_category': 'Storage',
  'product_name': 'External HDD 4TB',
  'brand': 'StorageTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 129.99,
  'total_amount': 129.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST020',
  'customer_city': 'Washington',
  'customer_state': 'DC',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW021',
  'date': '2024-02-12',
  'product_category': 'Laptops',
  'product_name': 'Ultrabook Pro 14',
  'brand': 'TechForce',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 1099.99,
  'total_amount': 1099.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST021',
  'customer_city': 'Boston',
  'customer_state': 'MA',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW022',
  'date': '2024-02-14',
  'product_category': 'Smartphones',
  'product_name': 'Flagship Phone Ultra Max',
  'brand': 'MobileMax',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 1199.99,
  'total_amount': 1199.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST022',
  'customer_city': 'El Paso',
  'customer_state': 'TX',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW023',
  'date': '2024-02-16',
  'product_category': 'Graphics Cards',
  'product_name': 'Professional Workstation GPU',
  'brand': 'GraphiTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 2499.99,
  'total_amount': 2499.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST023',
  'customer_city': 'Detroit',
  'customer_state': 'MI',
  'payment_method': 'Bank Transfer',
  'shipping_method': 'Freight'},
 {'order_id': 'HW024',
  'date': '2024-02-18',
  'product_category': 'Tablets',
  'product_name': 'Professional Tablet 13"',
  'brand': 'TabCorp',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 799.99,
  'total_amount': 799.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST024',
  'customer_city': 'Nashville',
  'customer_state': 'TN',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW025',
  'date': '2024-02-20',
  'product_category': 'Desktop PCs',
  'product_name': 'Budget Desktop Starter',
  'brand': 'CompuBuild',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 499.99,
  'total_amount': 999.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST025',
  'customer_city': 'Portland',
  'customer_state': 'OR',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW026',
  'date': '2024-02-22',
  'product_category': 'Monitors',
  'product_name': 'Ultrawide Monitor 34"',
  'brand': 'DisplayPro',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 899.99,
  'total_amount': 899.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST026',
  'customer_city': 'Las Vegas',
  'customer_state': 'NV',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW027',
  'date': '2024-02-24',
  'product_category': 'Keyboards',
  'product_name': 'Gaming Mechanical Pro',
  'brand': 'PeriphTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 179.99,
  'total_amount': 179.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST027',
  'customer_city': 'Louisville',
  'customer_state': 'KY',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW028',
  'date': '2024-02-26',
  'product_category': 'Mice',
  'product_name': 'Precision CAD Mouse',
  'brand': 'PeriphTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 99.99,
  'total_amount': 99.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST028',
  'customer_city': 'Baltimore',
  'customer_state': 'MD',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW029',
  'date': '2024-02-28',
  'product_category': 'Headphones',
  'product_name': 'Wireless Earbuds Pro',
  'brand': 'AudioMax',
  'quantity': 3,
  'unit_price': 149.99,
  'total_amount': 449.97,
  'customer_id': 'CUST029',
  'customer_city': 'Milwaukee',
  'customer_state': 'WI',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW030',
  'date': '2024-03-01',
  'product_category': 'Storage',
  'product_name': 'M.2 SSD 1TB Gaming',
  'brand': 'StorageTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 149.99,
  'total_amount': 149.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST030',
  'customer_city': 'Albuquerque',
  'customer_state': 'NM',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW031',
  'date': '2024-03-03',
  'product_category': 'Laptops',
  'product_name': 'Creator Laptop 16"',
  'brand': 'TechForce',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 1599.99,
  'total_amount': 1599.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST031',
  'customer_city': 'Tucson',
  'customer_state': 'AZ',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW032',
  'date': '2024-03-05',
  'product_category': 'Smartphones',
  'product_name': 'Mid-Range Phone Plus',
  'brand': 'MobileMax',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 549.99,
  'total_amount': 1099.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST032',
  'customer_city': 'Fresno',
  'customer_state': 'CA',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW033',
  'date': '2024-03-07',
  'product_category': 'Graphics Cards',
  'product_name': 'Entry Gaming Card 3060',
  'brand': 'GraphiTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 349.99,
  'total_amount': 349.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST033',
  'customer_city': 'Sacramento',
  'customer_state': 'CA',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW034',
  'date': '2024-03-09',
  'product_category': 'Tablets',
  'product_name': 'Budget Tablet Essential',
  'brand': 'TabCorp',
  'quantity': 3,
  'unit_price': 199.99,
  'total_amount': 599.97,
  'customer_id': 'CUST034',
  'customer_city': 'Long Beach',
  'customer_state': 'CA',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW035',
  'date': '2024-03-11',
  'product_category': 'Desktop PCs',
  'product_name': 'Office Desktop Pro',
  'brand': 'CompuBuild',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 799.99,
  'total_amount': 799.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST035',
  'customer_city': 'Kansas City',
  'customer_state': 'MO',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW036',
  'date': '2024-03-13',
  'product_category': 'Monitors',
  'product_name': 'Business Monitor 24"',
  'brand': 'DisplayPro',
  'quantity': 4,
  'unit_price': 249.99,
  'total_amount': 999.96,
  'customer_id': 'CUST036',
  'customer_city': 'Mesa',
  'customer_state': 'AZ',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW037',
  'date': '2024-03-15',
  'product_category': 'Keyboards',
  'product_name': 'Slim Office Keyboard',
  'brand': 'PeriphTech',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 49.99,
  'total_amount': 99.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST037',
  'customer_city': 'Virginia Beach',
  'customer_state': 'VA',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW038',
  'date': '2024-03-17',
  'product_category': 'Mice',
  'product_name': 'Travel Mouse Compact',
  'brand': 'PeriphTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 29.99,
  'total_amount': 29.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST038',
  'customer_city': 'Atlanta',
  'customer_state': 'GA',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW039',
  'date': '2024-03-19',
  'product_category': 'Headphones',
  'product_name': 'Open-Back Studio HP',
  'brand': 'AudioMax',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 349.99,
  'total_amount': 349.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST039',
  'customer_city': 'Colorado Springs',
  'customer_state': 'CO',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW040',
  'date': '2024-03-21',
  'product_category': 'Storage',
  'product_name': 'Portable SSD 500GB',
  'brand': 'StorageTech',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 89.99,
  'total_amount': 179.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST040',
  'customer_city': 'Raleigh',
  'customer_state': 'NC',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW041',
  'date': '2024-03-23',
  'product_category': 'Laptops',
  'product_name': 'Student Laptop Basic',
  'brand': 'TechForce',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 599.99,
  'total_amount': 599.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST041',
  'customer_city': 'Omaha',
  'customer_state': 'NE',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW042',
  'date': '2024-03-25',
  'product_category': 'Smartphones',
  'product_name': 'Camera Phone Pro Max',
  'brand': 'MobileMax',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 1099.99,
  'total_amount': 1099.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST042',
  'customer_city': 'Miami',
  'customer_state': 'FL',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW043',
  'date': '2024-03-27',
  'product_category': 'Graphics Cards',
  'product_name': 'High-End Gaming RTX 4090',
  'brand': 'GraphiTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 1899.99,
  'total_amount': 1899.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST043',
  'customer_city': 'Oakland',
  'customer_state': 'CA',
  'payment_method': 'Bank Transfer',
  'shipping_method': 'Freight'},
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  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 149.99,
  'total_amount': 149.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST148',
  'customer_city': 'Murfreesboro',
  'customer_state': 'TN',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW149',
  'date': '2024-10-25',
  'product_category': 'Headphones',
  'product_name': 'Home Theater Headphones',
  'brand': 'AudioMax',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 299.99,
  'total_amount': 299.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST149',
  'customer_city': 'Ann Arbor',
  'customer_state': 'MI',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW150',
  'date': '2024-10-27',
  'product_category': 'Storage',
  'product_name': 'Backup Solution Complete',
  'brand': 'StorageTech',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 349.99,
  'total_amount': 349.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST150',
  'customer_city': 'Westminster',
  'customer_state': 'CO',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW151',
  'date': '2024-10-29',
  'product_category': 'Laptops',
  'product_name': 'Gaming Laptop RTX Elite',
  'brand': 'TechForce',
  'quantity': 1,
  'unit_price': 2199.99,
  'total_amount': 2199.99,
  'customer_id': 'CUST151',
  'customer_city': 'Evansville',
  'customer_state': 'IN',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW152',
  'date': '2024-10-31',
  'product_category': 'Smartphones',
  'product_name': 'Halloween Special Phone',
  'brand': 'MobileMax',
  'quantity': 2,
  'unit_price': 499.99,
  'total_amount': 999.98,
  'customer_id': 'CUST152',
  'customer_city': 'Orange',
  'customer_state': 'CA',
  'payment_method': 'PayPal',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'},
 {'order_id': 'HW153',
  'date': '2024-11-02',
  'product_category': 'Graphics Cards',
  'product_name': 'Black Friday GPU Deal',
  'brand': 'GraphiTech',
  'quantity': 3,
  'unit_price': 899.99,
  'total_amount': 2699.97,
  'customer_id': 'CUST153',
  'customer_city': 'Cary',
  'customer_state': 'NC',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Express'},
 {'order_id': 'HW154',
  'date': '2024-11-04',
  'product_category': 'Tablets',
  'product_name': 'Black Friday Tablet Deal',
  'brand': 'TabCorp',
  'quantity': 4,
  'unit_price': 199.99,
  'total_amount': 799.96,
  'customer_id': 'CUST154',
  'customer_city': 'Salem',
  'customer_state': 'OR',
  'payment_method': 'Credit Card',
  'shipping_method': 'Standard'}]

👍 LiveDocs Tip:

Keep both raw and processed data in LiveDocs dashboards to track preprocessing results live, ensuring data consistency before training.

7 Expand Tokens, Embeddings or Lists

df.explode()

Here we are going to transform list-like entries in a DataFrame column into separate rows.

🧩 LLM Use Case: Splitting tokenized text into individual rows for embedding or analysis, or expand multiple LLM responses that return lists of results.

For example if your data column consists of list type data:

df_interests = pd.DataFrame({ "ID": [1, 2], "Interests": [["Full Stack", "Front End"], ["Machine Learning", "AI"]], "Tools": [["Javascript", "NodeJS"], ["Scikit-learn", \'TensorFlow\']] })

ID Interests Tools 0 1 Full Stack [Javascript, NodeJS] 0 1 Front End [Javascript, NodeJS] 1 2 Machine Learning [Scikit-learn, TensorFlow] 1 2 AI [Scikit-learn, TensorFlow] -------- ID Interests Tools 0 1 Full Stack Javascript 0 1 Front End NodeJS 1 2 Machine Learning Scikit-learn 1 2 AI TensorFlow

8 Quick Data Sampling

df.sample()

Often we will receive large datasets, but it is unnecessary to utilise the whole 10000 rows datasets if we are only going to, for example create mini batches work.

df.sample(5, random_state=42)

🧩 LLM Use Case: This is useful for picking random prompts for evaluation when you have a large dataset, or creating mini-batches for model fine-tuning.

9 Quick visualisation

df.plot()
df.hist()
df.boxplot()

Quick visualisation for distribution, trends and outliers directly from DataFrame.

Here we can visualise few things:

Revenue trend over time
Top 10 selling product by revenue
Revenue by region

Output Image image/png - 2af8c0cb-2d5d-4eeb-8c86-343037248ed7

10 Reshaping Data

df.pivot_table()

This is to summarise and reshape data in pivot form.

This is a powerful method in Pandas used to create spreadsheet-style pivot tables.

It allows for the summarisation and aggregation of data, similar to pivot tables in Excel but with enhanced flexibility for data analysis.

pivot_df = df.pivot_table(index="product_category", values="total_amount", aggfunc=\'sum\')

🧩 LLM Use Case: This is useful to compare models across tasks (QA, summarization, coding), or ranking cost across different datasets.

11 Preparing Fine-Tuning Data

df.to_json

Example: df.to_json("finetune_hardware_data.jsonl", orient="records", lines=True)

Finally, after all the analysis, cleaning, modifying, pivoting, we can now exports our DataFrames into JSONL format for AI training.

🧩 LLM Use Case: This is useful to create fine-tuning datasets, or format structured inputs/outputs for supervised learning.